1. "Electron transfer and coupled processes in protein
film voltammetry"
Armstrong, F. A. Biochem. Soc. Trans. Portland Press Ltd.
27, no. 2 (1999): 206-210
A review with 25 refs. Protein film voltammetry (PFV) involves
the electrochem. interrogation of protein mols. adsorbed at up
to monolayer coverage on a "friendly" electrode, which
is usually modified in some way to optimize interaction and stability.
Various electrode configurations and the criteria that must be
met to successfully carry out PFV are discussed. Several examples
of PFV applications are outlined, including the characterization
of labile Fe-S clusters, mechanisms of rapid, electron-coupled
proton transfer, redox properties of the catalytic states of enzymes,
and the complex catalytic electron-transport characteristics of
multi-centered enzymes.
2. "Overall low molecular weight antioxidant activity
of biological fluids and tissues by cyclic voltammetry "
Kohen, Ron, and others. Methods Enzymol. Academic Press
300, no. Oxidants and Antioxidants, Part B (1999): 285-296. A
review with 11 refs. Cyclic voltammetry methods are described
to evaluate the total antioxidant activity of lipophilic and hydrophilic
low mol. wt. antioxidants without specific detn. of the various
compds. (c) 1999 Academic Press.
3. "Measuring uptake rates in intact tissue"
Bunin, Melissa A., and others. Methods Enzymol. Academic Press
296, Neurotransmitter Transporters (1998): 689-707
A review with 47 refs. The authors' lab. uses elec. stimulation
to evoke the release of endogenous dopamine and utilizes fast
scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon fiber microelectrodes
to detect the resulting concn. in the extracellular fluid and
the changes in concn. due to uptake. A. The detection of elec.
evoked DA overflow by FSCV avoids many of the problems encountered
with expts. involving measurements in intact tissue. Because there
is no concn. gradient resulting from the coupling of diffusion
and the active uptake process, measurements of elec. evoked changes
in DA concn. by FSCV directly reflect the actual concn. of DA
at the release sites. Thus, uptake can be characterized directly
from the data obtained. When diffusion through the Nafion film
is accounted for, comparison of the data obtained by FSCV with
simulations based on the Michaelis-Menten model for enzyme kinetics
have revealed Vmax and Km values for the transport process that
are comparable to those obtained with the classical method of
characterizing uptake kinetics in synaptosomes. Using this technique,
the effects of pharmacol. agents on the uptake process have been
detd. These expts. revealed surprising differences between brain
regions and implied the existence of sep. binding sites for nomifensine
and cocaine. Furthermore, Ki values for nomifensine and cocaine
have been assessed directly from the FSCV data, and these values
agree well with previous literature values. Investigation of the
heterogeneous values for Vmax obtained in various dopaminergic
brain regions reveals the differences in uptake to be due to differences
in transporter d. A turnover rate of 6 s-1 was detd. for the dopamine
transporter in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens; a similar
turnover rate is anticipated for all dopaminergic regions. (c)
1998 Academic Press.
4. "Resolution of biogenic amine transporter kinetics
by rotating disk electrode voltammetry: methodology and mechanistic
interpretations" Earles, Cynthia, and others. Methods
Enzymol. Academic Press 296, no. Neurotransmitter Transporters
(1998): 660-675. A review with 32 refs. on the title topic with
the following key sections: transporter kinetics and their unique
challenges, measurements using rotating disk electrode voltammetry,
and overview of applications. (c) 1998 Academic Press.
5. "Color images for fast-scan CV measurements in biological systems" Michael, Darren, and others. Anal. Chem. American Chemical Society 70, no. 17 (1998): 586A-592A. A review, with 22 refs. Color plots allow examination of all the cyclic voltammetry (CV) data simultaneously and provide an overview of chem. and temporal changes. The authors discuss the release of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine in relation to CV.
6. "BLM-based electrochemical sensors" Leitmannova-Ottova,
A., and others. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 330, no. Biomolecular
Materials by Design (1994): 275-81
A review, with 21 refs., is given on bilayer lipid membrane (BLM)
electrochem. sensors. Bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs), esp. self-assembled
bilayer lipid membranes on solid supports (s-BLMs), were used
in the last three years as lipid bilayer-based biosensors. The
authors will describe as well as review briefly the work on s-BLMs
and closely related systems including the prepn. And characterization
of s-BLMs, hydrogen peroxide-sensitive electrodes based on s-BLMs,
alk.-pretreated aluminum electrodes as pH sensors, immobilization
of ferrocene on a s-BLM as an amperometric sensor of Fe(CN)63-/4-
ions, cyclic voltammetry studies of s-BLMs modified with electron
mediators, TCPBQ/TCOBQ modified s-BLMs for pH measurements, TCNQ-modified
s-BLMs for glucose detection, and s-BLMs on interdigital electrodes
prepd. by microelectronic techniques.
7. "Voltammetric studies of ion transfer across model
biological membranes" Bender, Christopher J. Chem.
Soc. Rev. 17, no. 3 (1988): 317-46
A review with 100 refs. is given on measurements of elec. parameters
of biol. membranes. The electrochem. systems used in measurements
are described. The problems of current and ion flux are discussed.
The hole-fluctuation and continuum theories of ion flux are presented.
The different models of the membrane transport are compared. The
process of the charge transfer through membranes is discussed.
8. "Detection of dopamine dynamics in the brain"
Wightman, R. Mark, and others. Anal. Chem. 60, no. 13 (1988):
769A-770A, 772A, 774A-776A, 778A-779A
A review, with 36 refs., on the detn. of dopamine dynamicsin the
brain with emphasis on in vitro electrochem. and voltammetry.
9. "Voltammetric detection of dopamine release in the rat corpus striatum" Wightman, R. Mark, and others. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 473, no. Neurochem. Anal. Conscious Brain: Voltamm. Push-Pull Perfusion (1986): 92-105. A review, with 23 refs., on the voltammetric detection of dopamine [51-61-6] release in the rat corpus striatum. Stimulated dopamine release can be used to probe dopamine storage, secretion, and uptake mechanisms.
10. "Critical evaluation of analytical methods for the determination of trace elements in various matrixes: Part I. Determination of selenium in biological materials and water "Campbell, A. D. Pure Appl. Chem. 56, no. 5 (1984): 645-51. The detn. of Se is of considerable interest because it would appear to be an essential trace element but it is also toxic at relatively low levels. Methods for Se detn. in biol. materials and water are critically evaluated with particular attention given to methods which are widely used in routine anal. The method involving the reaction of Se(IV) with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene to give the strongly fluorescent 4,5-benzopiazselenol is now widely accepted as a satisfactory method for routine work. Redn. of Se to the hydride for detn. by at. absorption spectroscopy is the basis of another accepted method. A further method which is gaining in popularity involves cathodic stripping voltammetry. A review with 69 refs.
1."Application of cyclic voltammetry for stoichiometry
determination of Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) complex compounds
with polyaminopolycarboxylic acids" Piszczek, L.; Ignatowicz,
A.; Kielbasa, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1988 65 171.
2. "Microcell for cyclic voltammetry " Fujita,
I.; Chang, C. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1984 61 913.
3. "Stoichiometry and formation constant determination by linear sweep voltammetry" Schultz, Franklin A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979
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