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History 105--Lecture preparation and review

The High Middle Ages

STUDY QUESTIONS ON TEXTBOOK READING

Marc Bloch wrote about 'feudal society." How did a manorial economy support a feudal political system?
In what sense was the twelfth century a renaissance?
Medievalists argue that Catholic Christianity was the least common denominator of medieval European civilization. Why?
The universities were an urban phenomenon. Were they--and the towns which sprouted them--essentially un-medieval?
Why was Germany the early political leader of medieval Europe, and how was its primacy shattered?
The so-called "crisis of church and state divided the political and spiritual loyalties of Europeans. What was the result?
Barbarian social forms, Christian intellectual and spiritual life, and classical political models: did these unravel in the later middle ages?
Are the different models for assessing the close of the medieval world analogous to the major historiographical models for the close of antiquity?

TERMS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION AND REVIEW

MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

Peasants plowing, vassal swearing fealty
demesne, serfs manor, village open-field system heavy wheeled plow three-field rotation commutation of unfree labor into money payments manorialism
*noble ethos knight, vassal fealty fief feudalism

LATIN CHRISTENDOM

Francis preaching to the birds
cult of the saints Wallace-Hadrill, "cutting throa, but endowing churches" Cluny reform orders, vita apostolica* Bernard of Clairvaux cult of the Virgin Peace of God, Truce of God Crusades Latin Kingdom Francis of Assisi, d. 1226 Order of Friars Minor Conventuals, Spirituals Dominic Guzman Order of Preachers mendicants

TOWN LIFE AND THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSITIES

Genoese bankers at work
Venice "Stadtluft macht frei" double-entry bookkeeping, letters of exchange magnates, populares communes Ghibellines, Guelphs guilds fairs classical humanism cathedral schools Bologna, Paris universitas Abelard Heloise realism nominalism Thomas Aquinas

THE EMPIRE, THE PAPACY, AND THE KINGDOMS

Reinterpreting Charlemagne's coronation, Saint Louis's justice
Otto the Great. Lechfeld 955 Saxons, Slains, Staufens ministerials lay investiture Henry IV Gregory VII, Hildebrand Canossa 1077 Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Empire 1154 Innocent III, Fourth Lateran Council 1215, confession Frederick II, Antichrist Boniface VIII, Philip IV the Fair, Unam sanctam 1203
Hugh Capet, Capetians Ile de France Louis IX, Saint Louis William of Normandy, Conquest 1066 Henry II Thomas Becket jury, writs, common law John, Magna Carta

THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES

Black Death in Italy
fourteenth-century famines and *Jacqueries, Ciompi Black Death, 1348-50 Hundred Years' War Avignon Great Schism indulgences Catherine of Siena Brethren of the Common Life John Wyclif Jan Hus William of Ockham conciliarism, Council of Constance Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales Petrarch, Boccaccio Christine de Pisan

HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE MIDDLE AGES

Huizinga in new translation
Burckhardt, Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, 1860 Haskins, Renaissance of the Twelfth Century, 1920s Huizinga, Autumn of the Middle Ages, 1920s