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History 105--Lecture preparation and review

From Mediterranean Empire to Medieval Europe

STUDY QUESTIONS ON TEXTBOOK READING

Was a Christian empire still Roman? Was a barbarized empire?
What did "authority" mean for early and patristic Christianity?
Why did the Franks emerge as the more important of the barbarian successor kingdoms?
Why do we call Carolingian times a "renaissance"?
Barbarian, Christian, Roman--how do these terms describe the early medieval West?

TERMS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION AND REVIEW

TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROMAN WORLD

Pantheon, Trajan's column, tetrarchs, Benedict
Marcus Aurelius, 2ndC border conflict littoral mystery religions Cybele, Isis , Mithras syncretism Zealots Peter, Paul of Tarsus presbyter*, bishop, clergy, laity Gospels Gnostics
Tacitus, *Germania comitatus Goths Diocletian, late 3rdC tetrarchy Romanitas Constantine, *in hoc signo vinces Mulvian Bridge
Council of Nicaea bishops Theodosius patristic, Latin Fathers, Greek Fathers Ambrose of Milan Trinity, Christological heresies Origen Arius, Arians Donatists, Pelagians Augustine of Hippo, d. 430
monk, monastery, monasticism Antony, Pachomius, Basil Jerome, Vulgate Bible Benedict of Nursia Simeon Stylites Huns Adrianople, 378 Visigoths Alaric, Gothic sack of Rome, 410 Gregory the Great

WRITING LATE ANTIQUITY

Constantine
historiography, comparatism, historicism Edward Gibbon, 1776, "the twin forces of Barbarism and Christianity" Henri Pirenne Peter Brown, "the world of late antiquity" *H'jra 622 C.E.

THE MAKING OF EUROPE

Justinian in his court, baptism of Clovis, Constantine, Bible of Charles the Bald
Ostrogoths Boethius Cassiodorus Justinian Lombards Angles, Saxons, Jutes Columba Augustine of Canterbury Whitby 664 Bede
Franks Clovis, d. 511 Merovingians unfree peasantry. household aristocracy Columbanus (Colman) Charles Martel, battle of Tours, 732 mayor of the palace Carolingians Donation of Pepin, 751
Charlemagne, Christmas Day 800 regalian rights silver coinage missi dominici, counts Caroline minuscule Alcuin of York lay literacy Dhuoda
Carolingian Renaissance Louis the Pious Plan of St. Gall Vikings, Magyars, Saracens Lothar, Louis the German, Charles the Bald Treaty of Verdun counts of Paris, Robertians, Capetians elective monarchy "orthodox Christianity, Roman administration, Frankish military kingship"