History 105--Lecture preparation and review 

The Classical Mediterranean Civilization

STUDY QUESTIONS ON TEXTBOOK READING

The textbook is not a trackless wilderness!  Can you answer the following questions, with the textbook's help?  If you can outline the material by answering them, lecture will solidify that framework. 

• How were the economy and society of the Greek poleis different from those of Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations?
• The leading poleis were mutually distinctive.  How?
• What caused the eclipse of Athenian leadership, Sparta or Athens herself?
• How did the Romans conquer the Mediterranean?
• Why did the Roman Republic fail? 
• Was the Augustan principate an empire disguised as a republic or a republic functioning as an empire? 

TERMS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION AND REVIEW

The following terms are important as background for this course's primary text readings.  Most are used in the Kishlansky textbook.  Some, marked with *, are not embraced in assigned parts of Kishlansky's discussion (they may or may not be addressed in other sections of the textbook), but will receive special attention in lecture.  Any of these terms may appear on History 105's one-a-block ID quizzes.

THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST 

Sumerian ziggurat

*millenium  *B.C.E., C.E., A.D., B.C. *Sumer, cuneiform script *Egypt, hieroglyphic script *Hittites, iron *Lydians, gold *Hebrews, monotheism *Assyrians, Chaldeans, astral religion *Persians

THE AEGEAN WORLD

Lion Gate at Mycenae, theatre at Delphi

*Europe Crete, Knossos, Minos Mycenae Dorian invasion Dark Ages Homer, Hesiod, epic Archaic period
polis, poleis hoplites sexuality of domination Delphi Thales, Miletus, natural philosophy kouros, *koure Pindar, Sappho, lyric

CORINTH, SPARTA, ATHENS

Spartans hunting, Athenian acropolis, Pericles

Cypselus, fl. 630 tyrants homoioi, helots Lycurgus gerousia Solon phratries Cyrus, fl. 530
Persian War, Marathon 490, Salamis 480 ostracism Delian League dowry Pericles Peloponnesian War 431 ff. Alcibiades democracy, oligarchy
sophists Socrates, d. 399 B.C.E. Herodotus, Thucydides Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides Phidias, Parthenon *Plato, *Aristotle *Alexander, * Macedonian conquest 338

ROMAN REPUBLIC AND EARLY EMPIRE

Roman Forum, Great Julius, Augustus of Primaporta

*Hellenistic *Stoicism, Epicureanism Roman Republic, 6thC B.C.E. Carthage Punic Wars, mid-3rd to mid-2ndC,  Hannibal, fl. 200 B.C.E. Scipio Aemiolianus, 146 B.C.E.
paterfamilias, *patria potestas slaves consuls, senate, assemblies Roman citizens *primus inter pares *oligarchy Polybius Tiberius Gracchus, d. 143 B.C.E. Marius and Sulla Marcus Tullius Cicero Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, triumvirate Gaius Julius Caesar, d. 44 B.C.E.
Mark Antony, Cleopatra Actium 31 B.C.E. Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Augustus Augustan settlement 27 B.C.E. princeps patriae Pax Romana veteran colonies Livy Lucretius, Virgil Catullus, Horace, Ovid